Unit 4 · 4.5 — Cell Cycle [cite: 9, 13]

Everything to learn here

• Concept: The cell cycle consists of Interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) for sustained growth and DNA replication, followed by the Mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) [cite: 13, 14].
• Concept: Mitosis produces two genetically identical, diploid daughter cells required for tissue growth, development, and repair [cite: 13, 14].
• Vocabulary: Prophase — chromatin condenses tightly into visible chromosomes, and the protective nuclear envelope breaks down [cite: 14].
• Vocabulary: Metaphase — fully condensed chromosomes align linearly along the cellular equator (metaphase plate) [cite: 14].
• Vocabulary: Anaphase — sister chromatids are forcibly separated and pulled rapidly to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers [cite: 14].
• Vocabulary: Telophase — new nuclear envelopes reform around the two distinct sets of separated chromosomes [cite: 14].
• Lab: Lab Skill: AP Biology Required Investigation — Cell Division: Calculate the mitotic index from microscopic fields of view to determine rates of cell division in cancerous versus normal tissues [cite: 6, 35].
• Concept: The eukaryotic cell cycle is a highly regulated series of stages including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

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