AP Biology

The Big List: 61 topics across 8 College Board units, 454 granular learning items. Exam date: May 3, 2027.

Unit 1

10% of the multiple-choice section

1.1Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding [cite: 9]10 items 1.2Elements of Life [cite: 9]8 items 1.3Introduction to Macromolecules [cite: 9]7 items 1.4Carbohydrates [cite: 9, 24]9 items 1.5Lipids [cite: 9, 24]9 items 1.6Nucleic Acids [cite: 9, 24]11 items 1.7Proteins [cite: 9, 24]10 items

Unit 2

12% of the multiple-choice section

2.1Cell Structure and Function [cite: 9, 28]14 items 2.2Cell Size [cite: 9]6 items 2.3Plasma Membrane [cite: 9]9 items 2.4Membrane Permeability [cite: 9, 28]7 items 2.5Membrane Transport [cite: 9, 28]7 items 2.6Facilitated Diffusion [cite: 9, 28]6 items 2.7Tonicity and Osmoregulation [cite: 9, 28]14 items 2.8Mechanisms of Transport [cite: 9, 28]4 items 2.9Cell Compartmentalization [cite: 9, 28]5 items 2.10Origins of Cell Compartmentalization [cite: 9, 28]3 items

Unit 3

14% of the multiple-choice section

3.1Enzymes [cite: 9, 28]7 items 3.2Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function [cite: 9, 10, 28]7 items 3.3Cellular Energy [cite: 9, 10, 28]7 items 3.4Photosynthesis [cite: 9, 10, 28]14 items 3.5Cellular Respiration [cite: 9, 10, 28]16 items

Unit 4

12% of the multiple-choice section

4.1Cell Communication [cite: 9, 28]5 items 4.2Introduction to Signal Transduction [cite: 9, 28]6 items 4.3Signal Transduction Pathways [cite: 9, 28]8 items 4.4Feedback [cite: 9, 13]4 items 4.5Cell Cycle [cite: 9, 13]8 items 4.6Regulation of Cell Cycle [cite: 9, 13, 28]6 items

Unit 5

9% of the multiple-choice section

5.1Meiosis [cite: 9, 10]9 items 5.2Meiosis and Genetic Diversity [cite: 9, 10]6 items 5.3Mendelian Genetics [cite: 9, 10, 28]9 items 5.4Non-Mendelian Genetics [cite: 9, 10]10 items 5.5Environmental Effects on Phenotype [cite: 9, 10]3 items 5.6Chromosomal Inheritance [cite: 9, 10, 42]4 items

Unit 6

14% of the multiple-choice section

6.1DNA and RNA Structure [cite: 9, 28]5 items 6.2DNA Replication [cite: 9, 28]6 items 6.3Transcription and RNA Processing [cite: 9, 28]5 items 6.4Translation [cite: 9, 28]5 items 6.5Regulation of Gene Expression [cite: 9, 10, 28]6 items 6.6Gene Expression and Cell Specialization [cite: 9, 10, 28]2 items 6.7Mutations [cite: 9, 10, 28]7 items 6.8Biotechnology [cite: 9, 10, 28]6 items

Unit 7

17% of the multiple-choice section

7.1Introduction to Natural Selection [cite: 10, 28, 44]4 items 7.2Natural Selection [cite: 28, 44]7 items 7.3Artificial Selection [cite: 28, 44, 46]4 items 7.4Population Genetics [cite: 28, 44]8 items 7.5Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium [cite: 28, 44]5 items 7.6Evidence of Evolution [cite: 28, 44]8 items 7.7Common Ancestry [cite: 28, 44]3 items 7.8Continuing Evolution [cite: 28, 44]3 items 7.9Phylogeny [cite: 28, 44]7 items 7.10Speciation [cite: 28, 44]13 items 7.11Variations in Populations [cite: 28, 44]2 items 7.12Origins of Life on Earth [cite: 28, 44]5 items

Unit 8

13% of the multiple-choice section

8.1Responses to the Environment [cite: 50, 51, 52]12 items 8.2Energy Flow Through Ecosystems [cite: 24, 50, 51, 52]21 items 8.3Population Ecology [cite: 50, 51, 52]4 items 8.4Effect of Density on Populations [cite: 50, 52, 55]7 items 8.5Community Ecology [cite: 50, 52, 56]10 items 8.6Biodiversity [cite: 50, 52, 55]8 items 8.7Disruptions in Ecosystems [cite: 24, 50, 52]13 items